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Session 113
Poster Abstracts Pharmacology of Protease Inhibitors Wednesday, 1:30 - 3:30 pm Hall A |
Background: Tipranavir (TPV) is the first of a new class of non-peptidic
protease inhibitors (PI), and has potent activity against multiple PI-resistant
HIV. To enhance TPV pharmacokinetics, it is combined with low-dose (200 mg) ritonavir (RTV) and administered twice a day. Nonlinear
mixed effects modeling was conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetics of
TPV and to elucidate the effects of demographic parameters on systemic TPV
steady state concentrations.
Methods: The steady-state pharmacokinetics
of TPV was assessed in 187 individuals using 1866 TPV concentrations derived
from 4 healthy volunteer studies (n = 67 subjects; serial sampling) and 2 clinical
studies (n = 120 HIV+ patients; serial, sparse, and trough sampling).
The final nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NONMEM) database consisted of 79%
male, 21% female; 85% white, 11% black, 4% other; ranging from18 to 73 years, and
47 to 123 kg weight. TPV concentration-time data were fit to a 1‑compartment
model with first order absorption described in terms of absorption rate (Ka),
apparent oral clearance (CL), and volume of distribution (V) parameters.
Results: TPV CL can be significantly
affected by body weight (p < 0.001)
and HIV status (p < 0.005). Body
weight caused the more prominent linear increase (75.7%) in CL, whereas HIV+
patients exhibited a mild increase (18.8%) in CL when compared to HIV–
subjects. V was moderately increased in HIV+ patients (44.5%, p < 0.001) and in males (32.3%, p < 0.001). Since HIV+
patients exhibited not only higher CL, but also a larger V, they tended to have
lower steady state TPV concentrations compared to HIV– subjects (13%
lower for males and 22% lower for females). The co-variates
age, gender, or race were shown to have no or little effect on CL and no
effects of age or body weight were shown on V. The individual variability was
relatively low for CL (CV = 32%) and V (14%), but higher for Ka (53%).
Conclusions: Body weight,
HIV status, and gender were identified as co-variates
that may affect steady-state TPV concentrations. However, no dosage adjustment
for TPV is recommended based on population pharmacokinetic results.
Keywords: population pharmacokinetics; NONMEM; tipranavir
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